Bullying Starts at Home Essays - 1495 Words

People argue that bullying starts in the home, but what if it’s bigger than that? Some cultures are known for their hierarchy of the family model. The man is at the head of the family; he and his sons are of the most importance, and the mother and children are secondary. This type of hierarchy often leads to bullying that begins in the home, and leaks out into the community, sometimes even an entire culture. What evidence the literature available to date demonstrates ethnic groups, or culturally indentified customs that promote bullying behaviors in men? When someone thinks of bullying, a typical image that comes to mind is a school hallway, a bigger kid throwing a smaller kid into a locker, and some belittling phrases. However,†¦show more content†¦This leaves many married women, single women, teenage girls, and young girls victims of bullying, and sometimes even physical violence. Many people wonder how this trend of bullying begins. It starts at an early age, with the gender schema theory. This theory states that â€Å"childrens gender identity motivates the learning and adoption of gender stereotypes. In this theory, the attainment of basic gender identity around ages 2–3 years spurs intergroup cognitions of the sort described by cognitive exaggeration of differences between the sexes, attraction to the in-group, and derogation and homogenization of the out-group† (Tobin et al, 2010). An example of this gender schema theory is the Latino male culture. According to Abreu (2000), Children born into traditional Latino families in which male and female roles are strictly defined are likely to be socialized to assume their respective gender roles. When men are paying attention to their gender identity from such an early age, they begin to recognize the patterns, attitudes, and general disposition of the adult males in their lives. When they see these behaviors from the adult males, they begin to identify with them, see them as the n orm, and model themselves accordingly. Thus, from an early age, young boys begin to take on the mentality of female inferiority, and see them as people that they are able to bully and manipulate in order to get what they need. Another argument is that it stems fromShow MoreRelatedSocial Medi Not So Ideal? Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the article Bullying Statistics, â€Å"19.6% of high school students in the US report being bullied at school and 14.8% report being bullied online† (â€Å"Bullying Statistics†). Children of all ages are now involved with so much technology and social media that it has become a problem in society. Instead of using social media and technology for good and fun, children are now using it to bully others. This problem has been defined as cyberbullying. â€Å"Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place usingRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On Children1364 Words   |  6 Pagesis familiar with bullying, it’s almost like a rite of passage for most Americans; we see it in movies and are all-too familiar with it. We typically don’t think about the consequences of bullying, but studies have shown that students who are bullied at school in grades 7-12 are 50% more likely to abuse substances (Promises Treatment Center). Bullying is the act of physical or verbal tormenting over a set amount of time, usually targeted at one person or a group of people. Bullying is an internationalRead MoreEffects Of Cyberbullying968 Words   |  4 PagesCyberbullying affects everybody today, both children and adults. Due to the development of technology today, cyber-bullying has become one of the most difficult issues to resolve in our society. Cyberbullying affects everybody today, both children and adults. 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Bullying is defined by the Center for Disease and Control (CDC) as â€Å"any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated.† (â€Å"Featured Topic: Bullying Research† ) There are many forms of bullying, including but not limited to physical bullying, verbalRead MoreThe Three Main Types of Bullying890 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is defined as any un wanted aggressive behavior among students. Over the past couple of decades bullying has been on the rise amongst middle school and high school students and still remains a prevalent issue. Unfortunately it is very hard to try to pinpoint and even accuse bullies because of the various types. The three main types of bulling are: overt bullying, indirect/relational bullying and cyber bullying (Bauman 2008). In this paper I plan on addressing all three types of bullying andRead MoreBullying: Teacher and Healthy Anti-bullying Habits Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesBullying Bullying is a big issue in the world these days. It is our job as teachers to address this issue in our classroom and teach children that bullying is not ok. Antonio’s â€Å"looking glass self† is related to his answerability because he knows that he will be held accountable for the decisions. The role this has on his desire to change his behavior is because he realizes what he was doing is wrong. As a teacher I would plan an activity for the whole class to participate in to teach the effectsRead MoreBullies are Criminals712 Words   |  3 PagesBullies are everywhere and they can be found at church, home and most importantly in schools. Nevertheless, there is no raised hand to stop the criminals or make no plans to stop them. Society pays more attention to the victims when they have gone to drastic measures.However many might say that at that moment a child is dead, has psychological damage, or puts others in harms way it too late. Bullies are criminals and they should be treated as such, but if society worked together to help or stopRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Bullying1207 Words   |  5 PagesBullying In Schools Bullying is repeated physical, verbal, or social aggression by a group or person directed towards someone with less power intended to cause harm and fear. Bullying has many negative outcomes including mental health problems, substances use, shootings, and suicides. Name calling, hitting, spreading rumors, and making threats are common forms of bullying that occur in schools. Bullying creates an unsafe and unhealthy area for students. According to the article aggression, â€Å"OurRead MoreDifferent Types of Bullying885 Words   |  4 Pages Bullying comes in many different procedures, from dissing one another to physical bullying. It is all inappropriate actions that naturally happen. Bullying can result into life long negative effects. Everyone has a breaking point, bullying only rushes to hurting yourself or others. It’s a trail for being insecure and having lack of confidence. People are often neglecting how serious bullying is. Bullying occurs on regular basis. It generally starts off by a leader who later on tends to bring

Internal Combustion Engine and no Diversion Required Free Essays

ETOPS DEFINITIONS : ETOPS are those flights conducted over a route that contains a point further than one hour flying time at one engine inoperative, still air cruise speed under standard conditions from an ADEQUATE AIRPORT. 430 NM’s for A-310 for one hour. We have 120 minutes ETOP’S approval from DGCA. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal Combustion Engine and no Diversion Required or any similar topic only for you Order Now ADEQUATE AIRPORT : is an airport that meets the landing performance requirements of the aircraft ie. Ruway length, ATC, Lighting, Communications, weather reporting, Nav Aids, airport facilities and at least one instrument approach. Adequate Airports are selected at the time of planning ETOP’S routes. [Not necessary to meet PCN requirements. ACN may exceed PCN when airport is used in an Emergency – not normal use] SUITABLE AIRPORT : is an ADEQUATE AIRPORT which at the ANTICIPATED time of use. [1 Hour before earliest E. T. A. to 1 Hour after latest E. T. A. ] has weather reports OR forecasts which indicate the weather conditions to be at or above the approved minima. The X – Wind component for Runway expected should be below permitted X – Wind limits. IMPORTANT ADEQUATE AIRPORTS are fixed when planning route. SUITABLE AIRPORTS vary for each flight depending upon real time weather, Facilities available/not available, etc. applicable at the time of despatch of an ETOP’S flight. In case of an actual Diversion to a SUITABLE AIRPORT, normal landing minima will apply. Check Wx for SUITABLE AIRPORT is above landing minima for that airport before entry into ETOPS area. ADEQUATE AIRPORTS may temporarily become unsuitable if any of the requirements of a ADEQUATE AIRPORT may be temporarily unavailable. WEATHER MINIMA Weather minima for airports designated as suitable enroute alternates under ETOPS Regulations are prescribed as under. It must be noted that the minima shown hereunder are for despatch release purposes only and in the event of an actual diversion, the applicable landing minima for that airport will be the controlling factor. Further, these minimas are for precision/non precision approaches at the respective airports. In the event ILS is not available, the despatch ETOP minima for that airport should be determined as per FAA Advisory circular AC 120 – 42A dated 30. 12. 1988 which lays down the following criteria. 1. Airports with 2 or more ILS on separate runways: Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m or Ceiling of 200ft and visibility of 800m above the authorised ILS landing minima; HIGHER. 2. Airports with ILS on single runway: Ceiling of 600ft and visibility of 3200m or Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m above the authorised ILS landing minima;HIGHER. . Airports with non – precision approaches: Ceiling of 800ft and visibility of 3200m or Ceiling of 400ft and visibility of 1600m above the authorised non precision landing minima; whichever is higher. NOTE : * – Based on the consideration RW 09/27 is available. # – To be used only when RW 09/27 is not available for operation. CHANGING ALTERNATE IN FLIGHT There is no restriction on the Commander in changing the alternate in flight, after taking into consideration all factors, provided the aforesaid conditions are satisfied. In an emergency, the Commanders can act in the best interest of the Company and occupants of the aircraft. DIVERSION STRATEGIES Diversions due to land ASAP situations. 1. In Flight Engine Fire. 2. APU Fire. 3. Single Engine Operation. 4. Loss of Both Engine Generators. 5. Avionics Smoke. 6. Cargo Compartment Smoke. 7. Dual Hydraulic System Lo Pressure. Critical fuel Scenarios are : 1. Engine Failure. 2. Pressurisation Failure. 3. Engine Pressurisation Failure. Depending upon the situation, 3 Strategies are used : 1. ELECTRICAL GENERATION |AVAILABLE GENERATOR’s AT |AFTER 1ST GEN FAILED |AFTER 2nd GEN FAILED OR APU |AFTER 3RD GEN FAILED | | |DESPATCH | |NOT AVAILABLE | | |NORMAL DESPATCH |2 ENG |START APU |NO DIVERSION REQUIRED |DIVERSION REQUIRED | | |1 APU |NO DIVERSION REQUIRED | | | | |1 STANDBY | | | | |MEL OR NORMAL |2 ENG |NO DIVERSION REQUIRED |DIVERSION REQUIRED |NOT APPLICABLE | | |1 APU | | | | |MEL DESPATCH |2 ENG | | | | | |1 STANDBY (b) | | | | (b) STANDBY GENERAT OR TO BE CHECKED ON GROUND. 2. ALWAYS DIVERT TO NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT FOR CARGO SMOKE. 3. IF GREEN HYDRAULIC LOST, STANDBY GENERATOR U/S, FACTOR THIS IN CASE OF MEL RELEASE FOR ELECTRICAL, SUBSEQUENT ELECTRICAL FAILURES. MEL DESPATCH CONSIDERATIONS FOR ETOP’s [NOT EXHAUSTIVE – CHECK MEL FOR ACTUAL] 1. AIR CONDITIONING. BOTH PACKS, PACK DEFLECT DOORS, TBV, PACK FAULT LIGHTS, PACK AUTO/MAN TEMPERATURE CONTROL. 2. PRESSURISATION. BOTH OUTFLOW VALVES. 3. VENTILATION. BLOWER FAN, EXTRACT FAN, OVBD VALVE, INBD VALVE. 4. AUTO FLIGHT SYSTEM. PITCH TRIM : FOR ER, #2 MAYBE INOPERATIVE. BUT BOTH OPERATIVE FROM BASE. AUTO PILOT 1 : AUTO PILOT OFF WARNING MESSAGE. TCC AUTO THROTTLE ACTUATOR MAYBE INOPERATIVE. [FOR 1 FLIGHT TO AIRPORT WHERE REPAIRS CAN BE MADE] 5. ELECTRICAL. STANDBY GEN MUST BE OPERATIVE. DESPATCH ALLOWED FOR 1 FLIGHT TO AIRPORT WHERE REPAIRS CAN BE MADE. OR FOR ER MAY BE INOPERATIVE PROVIDED APU GENERATOR AVAILABLE AND OPERATES CONTINOUSLY WHEN IN ETOPS SECTOR [ BEYOND 60 MINUTES FROM AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT ] APU GEN EXCEPT FOR ER MAYBE INOP OR FOR ER OPERATIONS UPTO 120 MINUTES, APU GEN MAYBE U/S PROVIDED STANDBY GENERATOR IS OPERATIVE. 6. FIRE PROTECTION. BOTH FIRE LOOPS ON EACH ENGINE. 7. CRT. ALL CRT’s, ECAM SGU, FWC. ONLY IRS #2 CAN BE INOPERATIVE. IRS 1 IRS 3 MUST BE OPERATIVE. BOTH FMS. 8. PNEUMATIC. BOTH BLEED SYSTEMS, BLEED VALVES. 9. ENGINE IGNITION. CHECK MEL. 10. IMPORTANT FOR ETOPS STANDBY HORIZON, BOTH OIL QUANTITY, FUEL QUANTITY INDICATIONS, â€Å"DC ESS ON BATT† LIGHT, APU INDICATIONS ON ECAM, FUEL X – FEED, 2 HF, 2 VHF. ETOPS FUEL AND FLIGHT PLANNING EEP :ETOPS ENTRY POINT. THAT POINT ON ROUTE WHICH IS FURTHER THAN ONE HOUR FROM AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT. EXP :ETOPS EXIT POINT. THAT POINT ON ROUTE AT END OF ETOPS SEGMENT WHERE AN ADEQUATE AIRPORT IS AVAILABLE WITHIN ONE HOUR. ETP :EQUI – TIME POINT BETWEEN TWO SUITABLE DIVERSION ALTERNATES. CRITICAL FUEL SCENARIOS : IS FUEL REQUIRED ASSUMING A NORMAL FLIGHT AND 3 DIFFERENT FAILURE SCENARIOS AT CRITICAL POINT. THE 1 REQUIRING MOST FUEL IS ETOPS CRITICAL FUEL SCENARIO. THE THREE FAILURES ARE ( ENGINE FAIL. ( DE PRESSURISATION. ( ENGINE FAILURE AND DEPRESSURISATION. FUEL REQUIREMENT ? FUEL BURN OFF FROM CRITICAL POINT TO DIVERSION AIRPORT, DOWN TO 1500 FEET OVERHEAD. ASSUMING SIMULTANEOUS FAILURE OF ENGINE AND PRESSURISATION, IMMEDIATE DESCENT TO 10,000’ THEN CRUISE AT SINGLE ENGINE SPEED. ? 15 MINUTES HOLDING AT 1500’ AT GREEN DOT SPEED. ? ONE INSTRUMENT APPROACH, SECOND VISUAL APPROACH. 5% OF FUEL BURN OFF AS CONTINGENCY FUEL. ? 5% FUEL MILEAGE PENALTY OR A DEMONSTRATED PERFORMANCE FACTOR. ? EFFECT OF MEL – CDL. ? APU FUEL CONSUMPTION IF REQUIRED AS POWER SOURCE. ? WIND AND MET CONDITIONS CONSIDERED FOR CRUISE AT SINGLE ENGINE ALTITUDE THEN TO DESCEND AND LAND INCLUDING ICING CO NDITIONS, WING ANTI – ICE, NACELLE ANTI – ICE AND DRAG FROM ICE ON UNHEATED PORTIONS OF AIRCRAFT. ? ATC CONSTRAINTS. AIR INDIA ETOPS FLIGHT PLAN ETOPS ANALYSIS. CIRCULAR A310/99/RED-11. FOR THE CHOSEN SUITABLE PAIR OF AIRPORTS FOR THE FLIGHT, THE EARLIEST/LATEST TIME OF ARRIVAL IS GIVEN. EXAMPLEVOMM SUITABLE 2140Z/0139Z [EARLIEST BASED ON 2 ENGS, LATEST 1 ENG] WMKP SUITABLE 2335Z/0139Z THESE TIMES ARE BASED ON ONE HOUR BEFORE EARLIEST ARRIVAL TO ONE HOUR AFTER LATEST ARRIVAL. EARLIEST ARRIVAL TIME BASED ON TWO ENGINE OPERATIVE SPEED. LATEST ARRIVAL TIME BASED ON ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE SPEED. THE CRITICAL FUEL CALCULATION IS BASED ON ABOVE CHOSEN PAIR OF SUITABLE ALTERNATES. FORMAT ? ETP LAT/LONG / DISTANCE FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / FLIGHT TIME FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / BURNOFF FROM ORIGIN AIRPORT TO ETP / ESTIMATED FUEL REMAINING OVER ETP. ? TIME FROM ETP TO ALTERNATE BASED ON ONE ENGINE FIXED TAS / TEMP AT FL100 AT ALTERNATE 1 / ETP / ALTERNATE 2 ? THEN FOLLOWS A SUMMARY OF GREAT CIRCLE DIST / MET DATA FROM ETP TO BOTH SUITABLE ALTERNATES. FUEL CALCULATION IS BASED ON LRC ALSO WEIGHT OVER ETP IS GIVEN. THE LAST PART CONTAINS THE CRITICAL FUEL CALCULATION REQUIRED TO DIVERT TO ALTERNATES FROM ETP. ? THE FIRST COLUMN ON THE LEFT SIDE GIVES THE MOST LIMITING FUEL REQUIRED FOLLOWED BY TIME FOR THE ENTIRE LINE. THE TOTAL OF THIS COLUMN WHICH GIVES YOU THE TOTAL C RITICAL DIVERSION FUEL. ? TOTAL CRITICAL DIVERSION FUEL PLUS FUEL FROM ORIGINAL AIRPORT TO ETP IS EQUAL TO TOTAL ETOPS REQUIRED FROM ORIGIN. ? THE NORMAL FLIGHT PLAN FUEL SHOULD BE HIGHER THAN THIS FUEL. ? NOTE TAXI FUEL IS NOT INCLUDED IN THE ABOVE CALCULATIONS. STANDBY GEN CHECK [DONE BY AME] / FUEL X – FEED CHECK FOR ETOPS. REFERENCES FOR ETOPS ? STANDING ORDERS PAGE 7 – 16 [ EXTRACTS ON NEXT PAGE ] ? FLIGHT DESPATCH MANUAL ? CIRCULARS A-310/1999/RED-118/4/99ETOPS FLIGHT PLANNING A-310/2001/RED-288/7/01ETOPS A-310 [IMPORTANT CIRCULAR – HAS ALL OUR ROUTES, ETOPS SEGMENTS AND ETOPS ALTERNATES] ? OPS/HQ/A-310/92-4 26/8/92 ? JEPESSEN – ETOPS WEATHER MINIMA STANDING ORDERS ON ETOPS ? NOTE – IN CASE OF ENGINE FAILURE OR SINGLE/MUTIPLE PRIMARY SYSTEM FAILURE IT IS A REQUIREMENT THAT PILOT DIVERT TO NEAREST ADEQUATE/SUITABLE AIRPORT. ? AS FAR AS POSSIBLE RETURN OR PROCEED TO AN ONLINE AIRPORT WITHIN THE STIPULATED RANGE OR LAND AT AN AIRPORT ON THE TRACK. ? IF MORE THAN ONE SUITABLE ALTERNATE AVAILABLE, CONSIDER AVAILABILITY OF ENGINEERING. ETOPS ENROUTE ALTERNATES. SECTOR |ALTERNATES | | | | |MAA – HKG – MAA |CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PHUKET | |BBG – SIN – BBG |CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, PHUKET, YANGOON | |SIN – DEL |PHUKET, CHENNAI, MUMBAI | |TRV – SIN – TRV |COLOMBO, PENANG, PHUKET, CHENNAI / KUALA LUMPUR, | | |CHENNAI / SINGAPORE | |BOM – SIN â₠¬â€œ BOM |CHENNAI, BANGKOK, PENANG, YANGOON, PHUKET | |MAA – KUL- MAA | | |MAA – SIN – MAA | | |BOM – DES – BOM |SALALAH / MOMBASA | |BOM – NBO – BOM |SALALAH / SEYCHELLES. MALE / SEYCHELLES | ———————– NO OBSTACLE (STANDARD STRATEGY) DESCEND WITH MCT/M0. 80/300 KTS ON REACHING S. E. ALT LRC 2. 16. 30 – Pg 7 TO 10 OBSTACLE PROBLEM (OBSTACLE STRATEGY) DRIFT DOWN WITH GREEN DOT SPD. MCT 2. 16. 30 1-2 AT D. D. ALT. IF OBSTL NOT CLD. MAINTAIN GREEN DOT/MCT, SEL HIGHER ALT TO CLR OBS. AND LVL CHG TO ACHIEVE ASC CRZ. IF OBS CLRD. FOR SUBSEQUENT CRZ USE LRC 2. 16. 30 – Pg. 7 TO 10 MINIMUM TIME DIVERSION (MIN TIME DIVERSION STRATEGY) FOR UN- EXTINGUISHED FIRE,SMOKE DESCEND AT MCT M0. 84/340 KTS RECOMMENDED – FL180 TO FL200 ON REACHING S. E. ALT. MAINTAIN MCT OR REQ THRUST FOR 340 KTS. 2. 16. 40 – Pg. 2 – 4 FL180 – FL200 | |PRECISION APPROACH |NON PRECISION APPROACH | |AIRPORT |CEILING ft |VISIBILITY mtrs CEILING ft |VISIBILITY mtrs | | | | | | | |ADEN |- |- |890 |3600 | |BANGKOK |400 |1600 |910 |4000 | |CHENNAI |650 |3200 |1250 |6000 | |CHIANG MAI |690 |3200 |1170 |5200 | |COLOMBO |630 |3200 |910 |3600 | |DANANG |690 |3200 |1070 |4800 | |DAR E SALAAM |600 |3200 |1070 |4800 | |DEN PASAR (Bali) |700 |3200 |860 |3600 | |DJIBOUTI |600 |3200 |900 |3800 | |HANOI |630 |3200 |1000 |4000 | |JAKARTA |420 |2000 |890 |4000 | |KARACHI |620 |3200 |790 |3200 | |KUALA LUMPUR |400 |1600 |940 |4000 | |KUNMING |680 |3200 |1200 |5200 | |LEARMONTH |- |- |900 |4900 | |MALE |730 |3200 |870 |3600 | |MOMBASA |600 |3200 |860 |3600 | |MUMBAI |* 610 |* 3200 1760 |6400 | | |# 900 |# 4400 | | | |MUSCAT |620 |3200 |960 |4000 | |NAIROBI |600 |3200 |1200 |6000 | |PENANG |690 |3200 |1550 |5600 | |PHUKET |- |- |1270 |5600 | |SALALAH |620 |3200 |830 |3600 | |SEYCHELLES |840 |4000 |1390 |6400 | |SINGAPORE |400 |1600 |970 |4000 | |YANGON |670 |3200 |900 |5 300 | |ETOP MINIMA FOR AIRPORTS WHICH CAN BE USED IN PLACE OF BOMBAY FOR GULF SECTORS [14 NOV 2002] | |AHMEDABAD |650 |3200 |950 |5200 | |CALICUT |1060 |5100 |1450 |6600 | |COCHIN |690 |3200 |1010 |4400 | |GOA |850 |3500 |990 |4800 | |TRIVANDRUM |650 |3200 |1170 |6000 | LAND ASAP DIVERSION SUMMARY FAIL ENGINE FIRE ENGINE OR APU SMOKE AVIONICS CARGO DUAL GENERATORS, HYDRAULIC How to cite Internal Combustion Engine and no Diversion Required, Papers

Review of Related Literature and Studies free essay sample

Background of the Study Now we are experiencing the computer revolution as we see the effects of the computer on transportation, economy, education, business, and even in our homes. Today, there is an extensive use of computers in a various applications, a compu Premium1063 Words5 Pages Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies Review of Related Literature (Foreign) Tomas Shearin(March,2012) This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies for both foreign and local underlying the framework of the study. Related Literature The development of the study is based on published materials like books, newspapers, ublished Journals, articles, magazines, etc. Foreign Literature the author is a foreigner Local Literature Premium330 Words2 Pages Review of Related Literature and Studies According to George Epstein Computer is an electronic device that performs calculation and processes information. It handles vast amount of facts and fgures and solves complex problems at incredibility high speeds. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Related Literature and Studies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A computer can processes many kinds o Premium265 Words2 Pages Chapter II: Related Literature and Studies of Inventory System Chapter II: Related Literature and Studies Review of Related Literature In exploration, we find new ommodities, new devices, services, Premium405 Words2 Pages Review Related Literature ChapterThis chapter presents the literature and related studies that clarifies the different aspects of the research. It also discusses the theories about the subject, and its purpose. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology ar Premium273 Words2 Pages Online Games on Teenagers Related Studies Game Addiction as we commonly call someone playing (video/online) games as if theres no tomorrow, is still out of the addiction book of the doctors. Isnt that neat? Further showing how politicians and some members of the media are Just using this topic so they have something to say, and Premiuml 394 Words6 Pages Computer Effects on the Academic Performance of Students Review of Related Literature Effects of computer usage to the academic performance of students ChapterThe scope of computer effects denves a wide scope of related literature that is worth mentioning. In this regard, this literature review concerning the effects of computer usage Premium1010 Words5 Review of Related Literature places for geeks to communicate via the web. However, as the internet continues to grow and define itself, we have found them to be a very valuable resource of information. Forums benefit your internet experi Premium836 Words4 Pages Background and Literature overview The regulatory landscape of the air transport industry throughout the world has been changing dramatically since the 1980s to meet the growing density of air traffic as a result of the increasing integration of economies. Reforms Premium998 Words4 Pages How to Make a Review of Related Literature

Research Paper on Quantum Physics Essay Example

Research Paper on Quantum Physics Essay Quantum physics is a general name for a set of the natural theories originated in twentieth century, which, like the theory of relativity, mark a rupture between what is now called classical physics – all theories and physical principles accepted in the nineteenth century. The so-called â€Å"quantum† theories describe the behavior of atoms and particles – what classical physics, including Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetic theory of Maxwell, could not do – and elucidate some properties of electromagnetic radiation. Its description of microcosm, radically new, is based on new assumptions. In 1900, the researches of German physicist Max Plank showed that the radiation energy is discrete and is emitted by specific portions – quantum, whose energy depends on the frequency of the light wave. The theory of Max Planck did not need the concept of ether and overcome the contradictions and difficulties of electrodynamics by James Maxwell. Max Planck experiments led to the recognition of the dual nature of light, which has both corpuscular and wave properties. It became clear that such a conclusion was not compatible with the concepts of classical physics. Thus, Max Planck theory introduced a new quantum physics, which describes the processes in microcosm. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Quantum Physics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Quantum Physics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Quantum Physics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Basing on the ideas of Max Planck, Albert Einstein suggested the quantum theory of light, according to which light is a moving stream of photons. The quantum theory of light (photon theory) considers light as a wave with a discontinuous structure. Light is the flow of indivisible quanta of light – photons. It became clear that the electron is knocked out by a photon only if the photon energy is sufficient to overcome the force of interaction of the electrons with the atomic nucleus. In 1922, for the creation of the quantum theory of light, Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. The explanation of the photoelectric effect of the process was based, in addition to the quantum hypothesis of Max Planck, on the new ideas about the atom structure. In 1911, English physicist Rutherford proposed the planetary model of the atom. The model represents an atom as a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons. This model allowed to explain the phenomenon of rejection of alpha particles passing through the atom. As the size of an atom is larger than that of electron and nucleus, the alpha particle passes unimpeded through it. The deviation is observed only when the alpha particle passes close to the nucleus, in this case, the electric repulsion causes a sharp deviation from its original path. All this and even more should be presented in your research proposals on quantum physics. So you can freely use some free sample research papers on the subject, to find additional information for your research project. Are you looking for a top-notch custom written research paper on Quantum Physics topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

Polution essays

Polution essays Websters Collegiate Dictionary defines pollution as the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. There are many types of pollution ranging from air to land. It is a major problem in Florida as well as the entire world. Pollution not only damages the environment, but damages us also. Pollution is the cause of many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. Though pollution is all among us, we continue to live in our own filth and do nothing to better the environment around us. What is the reason behind this flawed logic? In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue. Automobiles are definitely the greatest source of pollution. The pollution created by cars is immense. One polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates. This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while it is running. The heat produced by cars contributes to the deterioration of the ozone. Another negative effect that automobiles contribute to the environment is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings. But why do we continue to drive these walking time bombs? Some common reasons given are that cars get us places faster and walking or riding a bike would take to much time and energy. Why walk four miles in four hours when you can drive the same miles in four minutes? I agree that we need cars but we should not abuse the right to use them. Do not drive down the road a few blocks to see a friend, walk. One good solution that can help e liminate some of the car pollution is by having more car pools. Studying our owner's manual and using these 10 tips for car care will save the air and help cars pass its Smog Check: Check the tire pressure and alignment. Change the oil and filter. Keep it tuned up. Check the emission control devices. Service the e...

Causes of the Holocaust

With the rise of anti-Semitism, Nazi's propaganda and Hitler's message, the Germans accepted the claim of the unwelcome Jewish of the Nazi regime, so they became audiences of the Holocaust, created the power of the party, moved forward , And excluded. The Jewish German people regard the Jews as scapegoats for economic and political problems. People like Germans think that others should be responsible for themselves. This will help to create anti-Semitism. David Downing believes that Jews are considered the murderers of Christ. The Jewish focus on how the teacher treats the Holocaust is clear. The most common cause of massacres of Jewish day schools is anti-Semitism. Political instability, intolerance, prejudice, hatred of Weimar Republic, Hitler, Nazi Party were second, which were quoted at about the same frequency. The third most frequently cited reason is World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. Regarding covered topics, the focus of the Jewish focus is clear again (from the most frequently quoted to those not quoted quite often): Anti-Jewish Act (86%), Slum Life (86%), Jewish Unmarried Massacre (82%), Warsaw Jewish uprising (82%), Auschwitz (79%), Slum area (79%), Kristallnacht (79%), Final solution and descent concentration camp (75%), boycott and main combustion (75%). From the Jewish point of view, all these themes will be regarded as the core of the Holocaust. Did Jud Suss guide the Holocaust? It is probably not the case, but it may play a larger role than the Holocaust catalyst that was previously accepted as a catalyst. When the Holocaust was divided into three stages of elimination, elimination, and extinction, most people placed Jud Suss in the middle of the exclusion period. This arrangement usually comes from a 90-minute meeting of Nazi senior officials held on January 20, 1942. However, as early as 1939, Poland had already begun mass murder of Jews.

Pepsi Strategies in 2008 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pepsi Strategies in 2008 - Case Study Example There is also emphasis on the use of television advertising that features mainly celebrities. PepsiCo is intending to conduct some major restructuring operation in 2009 by getting its business segments to achieve efficient concentration in the firm's main operations: Pepsi-cola and Frito-Lay. This would support the company in improving its position in the world of consumer packaged products globally and improve its competitiveness in the market of beverages. Pepsi has been in trial to promote it self by attaching its products to some causes of charitable works. In the World water day 2008, for instance, the company was in the front line in trying to help solve the universal crisis of water shortage. This was done mainly to promote the company's products. It achieved more sales through marketing which was intensively ethical and responsible as well as including the products in charitable activities. It has denoted some amount from its sales to support children all over the world to get access to clean and pure drinking water. The firm's slogan states that if the customer decides to take bottled water, then he or she would be making a major difference. The firm intents to move its water brand to out to over 40,000 merchandisers in other parts.

Drug trade between Mexico and the United states Research Paper

Drug trade between Mexico and the United states - Research Paper Example The transshipment of drugs from Mexico across the international border to the United States is not a new phenomenon. Geographically adjacent to the United States it is perfectly positioned as a transshipment point for drugs from other parts of the world. Very little cocaine is grown or processed in Mexico. Rather, it is grown and processed in South American countries such as Peru, Bolivia and Columbia and then shipped to Mexico to be taken across the border into the United States. Much marijuana is grown in Mexico but,again, even more is shipped to Mexico and then across the border to the United States. That said, the behavior of traffickers has changed recently. The shipment of illegal substances to the United States holds the promise of huge profits for those engaged in the trade. The pursuit of these profits has made the cartels – the organizations engaged in smuggling – to become increasingly violent recently, particularly since President Calderà ³n declared war on the drug cartels shortly after coming into office in 2006. The Mexican border states have become much like a war zone with heavily armed military units on the street (since the President deemed local police too corrupt to deal with the cartels) and frequent firefights between the military and the cartels. According to The L.A. Times 28,288 people have died in Mexico since January 2007 as a result of the drug wars. (â€Å"Mexico Under Siege – The Drug War on Our Doorstep†, 2010) Mexico as a whole is not an extremely dangerous place to live or visit. It is less safe than the United States or the United States northern neighbor Canada. However, it is as safe as Jamaica or Israel for visitors and residents. However, this is not the case in the border states. According to The Washington Post, â€Å"The bloodshed is geographically concentrated in key trafficking corridors, notably in the states of Sinaloa, Chihuahua and Tamaulipas.† While Mexico

Bradshaws Theory Essay Example for Free

Bradshaws Theory Essay Bradshaw’s theory about the growth of children is very accurate. When a child experiences pain and suffering at a young age they become emotionally damaged. For example my Grandpa caused my uncle a lot of pain and guilt when he was young because my grandpa divorced by grandma and left my uncle to be the man of the house at such a young age. Today my uncle still has not forgiven my grandfather and he has trouble getting close to other people. In order for my uncle to move forward in his life he has to deal with the issue between himself and my grandfather. Erickson’s theory is if you are treated well and grow up in a warm and caring home you will be better off in life. For example ever since I was very little I have always been able to trust both of my parents especially my mom. I always turn to her for advice and tell her everything. As a result of that I try to be a very trustworthy person because I want other people to feel like they also have someone they can count on. Maslow’s hierarchies of human needs are about the differences between the things we need and the things we desire. For example we need things such as food water and air. We also need security and stability, but we desire self-resect, independence, and self-fulfillment. Although we physically couldn’t survive without the things we need we mentally could not live a happy life without the things we desire.

Seasonal Affective Disorder :: essays research papers

Seasonal Affective Disorder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a common problem of people living in northern United States. People who are affected by this disorder commonly suffer from depression, lethargy, inability to concentrate, overeating and weight gain. People from the north tend to suffer more from this disorder because of the shortened days. It appears, that due to the deficiency of sunlight some people suffer from these symptoms. The shortened days have a hormonal effect on the body that causes these symptoms, and the use of artificial sunlight is the best way to relieve the disorder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was not until recently that SAD was discovered. It was discovered by Peter Mueller, who was reviewing a case of a 29-year-old woman. He had noticed a pattern, the woman’s depression came in the winters and left in the spring. Over the course of years the woman moved from city to city. Mueller noticed, that the farther north she moved the early the depression. Mueller had begun to speculate that the lack of sunlight had contributed to the women’s depression. In order to confirm this he exposed the patient to artificial sunlight. He found that over a period of time the patient had recovered from the depression. Today light therapy is the most commonly used method in treating SAD. The two hormones that are affected by the sunlight, and are thought to be the cause of SAD, are melatonin and serotonin. Both of these chemicals â€Å"are influenced by photoperiodism, the earth’s daily dark-light cycle† (Wurtman 1989). Melatonin is the chemical that effects mood and energy levels. In the human body melatonin is at its highest at night and is lowest in the day. There has been a study done to see if sunlight has a direct effect on suppressing melatonin. It is known that melatonin levels in urine are five times higher at night than they are in the day. It was not until a 1980 study that it was known that melatonin levels could be directly suppressed with light. In an experiment, subjects were woken up at two in the morning and exposed to a half an hour of artificial sunlight. The findings were that melatonin levels were greatly decreased. The decline in melatonin usually happens in the early morning, but in a SAD patient this does not occur until about two hours later. In order to suppress the levels the patient needs to be exposed to sunlight. It is found, that when the patient is exposed to the light there is a significant decrease in depression and the craving for carbohydrates.

Manila Lodge No. 761 vs Ca

MANILA LODGE NO. 761 vs CA ARTICLE 1431 MANILA LODGE NO. 761, BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF THE ELKS, INC. , petitioner, vs. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, CITY OF MANILA, and TARLAC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, respondents. (G. R. No. L-41001 September 30, 1976) TARLAC DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, petitioner, vs. HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, CITY OF MANILA, LODGE NO. 761, BENEVOLENT AND PROTECTIVE ORDER OF ELKS, INC. , respondents. (No. L-41012 September 30, 1976) |THE CASE two cases are petitions on certiorari to review the decision dated June 30, 1975 of the Court of Appeals that the property subject is a â€Å"public park or| |plaza. | |FACTS | |On June 26, 1905 the Philippine Commission enacted Act No. l360 which authorized the City of Manila to reclaim a portion of Manila Bay. The reclaimed area was | |to form part of the Luneta extension. | |Subsequently, the Philippine Commission passed on May 18, 1907 Act No. 1657, amending Act No. 1360, so as to authorize the City of' Manil a either to lease or to| |sell the portion set aside as a hotel site. |On July 13, 1911 the City of Manila, affirming a prior sale dated January 16, 1909 cancelled 5,543. 07 square meters of the reclaimed area to the Manila Lodge | |No. 761, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks of the U. S. A. | |Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE, subsequently sold the said 5,543. 07 square meters to the Elks Club, Inc. The registered owner, â€Å"The Elks Club, Inc. ,† was later | |changed by court oder to â€Å"Manila Lodge No. 761, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Inc. | |In January 1963 the BPOE. petitioned the Court of First Instance for the cancellation of the right of the City of Manila to repurchase the property. GRANTED | |On November 19, 1963 the BPOE sold the land to Tarlac Development Corporation (TDC). | |In June 1964 the City of Manila filed with the Court of First Instance of Manila a petition for the reannotation of its right to repurchase. | |RTC RULING the subject land to be part of the â€Å"public park or plaza† and, therefore, part of the public domain.The court consequently declared that the sale of| |the subject land by the City of Manila to Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE, was null and void; that plaintiff TDC was a purchaser thereof in g faith and for value | |from BPOE and can enforce its rights against the latter. | |CA RULING AFFIRMED the lower court's decision. | |ISSUE | |WON the subject property was patrimonial property of the City of Manila and not a park or plaza.NO | |WON the City of Manila is estopped from questioning the validity of the sale it execute, conconveying the subject property to the Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE. NO| |SC RULING We hold that it is of public dominion, intended for public use. When the shore or part of the bay is reclaimed, it does not lose its character of | |being property for public use. | | | |It is not necessary, therefore, that a plaza be already constructed of- laid out as a plaza in order that it be considered property for public use.It is | |sufficient that it be intended to be such In the case at bar, it has been shown that the intention of the lawmaking body in giving to the City of Manila the | |extension to the Luneta was not a grant to it of patrimonial property but a grant for public use as a plaza. | | | |We have demonstrated ad satietatem that the Luneta extension as intended to be property of the City of Manila for public use.The conversion of the said | |property into patrimonial property is within the executive's and possibly the legislation department's authority and the power to make the declaration that | |said property, is no longer required for public use, and until such declaration i made the property must continue to form paint of the public domain. In the | |case at bar, there has been no such explicit or unequivocal declaration. | | | |TDC finally claims that the City of Manila is estopped from questioning the validity of the sale it xecuted on July 13, '1911 conconveying the subject property | |to the Manila Lodge No. 761, BPOE. This contention cannot be seriously defended in the light of the doctrine repeatedly enunciated by this Court that the | |Government is never estopped by mistakes or errors on the pan of its agents, and estoppel does not apply to a municipal corporation to validate a contract that | |is prohibited by law or its against Republic policy, and the sale of July 13, 1911 executed by the City of Manila to Manila Lodge was certainly a contract | |prohibited by law.Moreover, estoppel cannot be urged even if the City of Manila accepted the benefits of such contract of sale and the Manila Lodge No. 761 had| |performed its part of the agreement, for to apply the doctrine of estoppel against the City of Manila in this case would be tantamount to enabling it to do | |indirectly what it could not do directly. | | | |The sale of the subject property executed by the City of Manila to the Manila Lodge No. 61, BPOE, was void and inexistent for lack of subject matter. It | |suffered from an incurable defect that could not be ratified either by lapse of time or by express ratification. The Manila Lodge No. 761 therefore acquired no | |right by virtue of the said sale. Hence to consider now the contract inexistent as it always has seen, cannot be, as claimed by the Manila Lodge No. 761, an | |impairment of the obligations of contracts, for there was it, contemplation of law, no contract at all. | | |The inexistence of said sale can be set up against anyone who asserts a right arising from it, not only against the first vendee, the Manila Lodge No. 761, | |BPOE, but also against all its suceessors, including the TDC which are not protected the doctrine of bona fide ii purchaser without notice, being claimed by the| |TDC does not apply where there is a total absence of title in the vendor, and the good faith of the purchaser TDC cannot create title where none exists. |

Under the Influence Analysis

â€Å"Under the Influence† Rhetorical Analysis In â€Å"Under the Influence†, Scott Russell Sanders recreates his memories and feelings of loss, anger, and fear from his childhood inflicted by his alcoholic father. Sanders shares that growing up with a drunken parent can have a serious long-term effect on a child. He educes awareness and empathy for others by using similes, imaginary, and allusions to recreate battles against his father. Sanders writes to support other victims and to let them know they are not alone.Sanders opens his essay with a very direct fact: â€Å"My father drank†. Although this sentence is simple, his story is not. In the next sentence, he uses a simile to describe his father’s transformation with every alcoholic binge. Sanders wrote that his father â€Å" drank as a gut punched boxer gasps for breath, as a starving dog gobbles food compulsively, secretly, in pain and trembling†. He uses this simile to show that his father wa s not a social drinker, but a man who would drink just to drink.Sanders then uses imaginary to create a typical scene in his house while his father is drunk. He describes his father drinking from bottles of wine, cylinders of whisky, and cans of beer, then his father passes out in his recliner. Later, Sanders’s mother awakens him, which is when the fighting begins. This imaginary creates a sense of sadness and empathy for Sanders, for this was a daily issue for him. Sanders’s purpose for writing â€Å"Under the Influence† was to show that people do not act like themselves when consumed by alcohol.When alcohol takes over a person, they are to be feared. While continuing the story, Sanders begins to use different terms for the word â€Å"drunk†, such as tipsy, pickled, plowed, juiced, and looped. He points out that some of these words are meant to be funny, but the irony is that this is not a funny matter. The irony creates a sense of remorse for the people who suffer the way Sanders suffered growing up. As an adult, Sanders is able to accept the fact that his father suffered from a disease; however, this was not always easy for him to grasp.

Hydroponic Vegetable production Essays

Hydroponic Vegetable production Essays Hydroponic Vegetable production Essay Hydroponic Vegetable production Essay Hydroponico Vegetable OProduction0 BY CYF Hydroponics has often been thought of as the future of growing, what many people do not realize is that the concept has been around for a very long time and already has been applied to agriculture. Hydroponics is not Just for flowers; in fact with its growing popularity in the past decade hydroponics has begun to be used for commercial vegetable production around the world. It is attracting to farmers because it presents them with a way to grow in areas and times they might not have been able to otherwise. This can mean that soil quality is not a factor and that the armers can have more control over their own microclimate within a greenhouse. Hydroponics suggests that anyone anywhere can grow his or her own high quality produce under limited conditions. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. It is the fastest growing sector of agriculture, and it could very well dominate food production in the future. Hydroponics id defined as the science of growing or the production of plants in nutrient rich solutions or moist inert material instead of soil. Hydroponics comes from Latin, the word hydro meaning water, and ponos meaning labor, hydroponics s water working. It is important to know that water alone is not enough to support plants growth. Traditionally soil gives plants anchorage for their root systems and supports vertical growth, it is a source of nutrients, fresh organic matter, and has water holding capabilities. Hydroponics must use fertilizers in their ionic form and supply plants with their essential minerals and nutrients through a nutrient solution. Artificial anchorage is used such as stakes or trellising. One benefit is that it is a more sterile environment than the soil. Soil can contain many toxins and pollutants as well s undesirable insect life and disease pathogens. With hydroponics it is likely that a recall, like the one we had a few years back on spinach that became contaminated with e-coli, would be entirely avoided. Farmers growing hydroponic crops and researchers see many benefits to this method. Higher yields are common and a higher yield per square foot is a given because plants can be grown densely and in vertical or upright ways. Produce from a hydroponic greenhouse is often of very high quality because it has not been subject to the stresses brought on by outside weather conditions and does not bear scars of amage cause by outside factors. It is easier to protect crops from pests and supplement the sun and increase production. Universities and research facilities for medicine and even NASA study hydroponic methods and use them for control experiments. Facilities can have a fully controlled indoor environment where they can research different affects by introducing variables, or like NASA study possibilities for one day growing plants in outer space or even on the moon. Hydroponics has been around for a long time but has began to take a strong foothold only in this past decade or so. It is a common misconception that NASA invented hydroponics; this is false. The first record of anything resembling hydroponics is by Sir Francis Bacon back in 1627 in his book Sylva sylvarum printed the year after his death in which he introduces a concept he called water culture. Water culture became a popular research technique. In 1699 John Woodward published his water culture experiments on spearmint in which he made the conclusion that plants grew better in unfiltered water. By the 1800s we knew that the reason for this is that there are essential nutrients that plants require for growth and ome are found in minerals present in unfiltered water. 1859-65 German botanists Julius von Sachs and Wilhelm Knop developed techniques of soil-less cultivation using nutrient solutions. The growth of plants without soil became known as solution culture, which is a technique that we still use today. In 1929, at the University of California in Berkeley, professor William Frederick Gericke began to publicly promote what he first termed aquaculture. Gericke created a stir by growing vine tomatoes twenty-five feet high in his backyard without the use of soil. William Gericke coined he modern day term Hydroponics in 1937 because aquaculture was already used to refer to aquatic organisms. He was reluctant at first to share his secrets and did not publish any details on his experiments until after he retired from UC Berkeley in 1940. During WWII in a place called Wake Island vegetables were grown hydroponically to feed to passengers on Pan American Airlines when they stopped at this refueling station. Wake Island is a rocky atoll; which has no soil on it in which to grow and it would have been too expensive to airlift in fresh vegetables. Disney orld opened an exhibit called The Land Pavilion in 1982 in their famous EPCOT center, which features a variety of hydroponic growing techniques. Nowadays hydroponics is not Just limited to researchers it has become available to the average citizen and is only beginning to be applied to agriculture in a much broader spectrum this past decade. The benefits of greenhouse hydroponic production are many. In controlled environment the farmer can have control over temperature, humidity, water, nutrients, C02 levels, and even light periods. One main benefit is that no soil is equired, that means there is nothing to till and much labor is eliminated from the growing process. Growing can be done regardless of soil quality and composition. A huge benefit is that water can stay in the system and be reused. Even though water is the main carrier of nutrients hydro systems are able to deliver Just the right amount of water and can reduce waste. Water can be re-circulated in the system and water use is typically 50-90% less than that used for soil crops which are subject to leaching and drainage capabilities. Plant roots can drown hydro takes this into ccount by using highly oxygenated water and preventing anaerobic conditions. So has complete control over nutrition and nutrition costs are lower and applications are more effective and efficient. Plants can absorb the nutrients much faster when they are suspended in water instead of clinging to soil particles. Yields are usually higher and of better quality with more stable results. Because hydro can be grown very densely and even vertically on shelves farmers are able to grow a larger number of plants in a much smaller area. Land use is reduced greatly and allows for farms to e closer to urban areas where they have a shorter distance to travel from harvest to local markets and kitchens. Many hydroponic researchers boast that produce harvested is of higher nutritional value and considered fresher because some crops, like lettuce, can be harvested with roots and remain fresh longer. Pests and disease are easier to contain and get rid of in controlled environments and the sterile environment allows for use of Integrated Pests Management programs that focus on biological controls and reduce the use of harmful pesticides. Disadvantages of hydroponic farming can be the loss ofa buffer, soil, any failure n the system , equipment failure, power outage, can lead to very quick death or damage of an entire crop. Pathogens can breed in these high moisture environments and young plants are susceptible to verticillium wilt and can die from dampening-off. In extreme environments water temperatures must be monitored and controlled so that you dont have any freezing or cooking of your roots. It is much easier and less expensive to heat or warm water in the system than to keep it cool. In desert regions enclosed systems are preferred to prevent loss of water through evaporation. The most common disadvantage is the extremely high cost of start-up and equipment. Since hydroponics is a growing technology the USDA and other organizations often have grants available for farmers working in hydroponics. In 2012 Living Water Farms was the recipient of one of the USDAs Value Added Producer Grants which are awarded to sustainable business ideas. Crop choice is taken into consideration because of the costs involved and certain limitation. Commonly lettuce is probably the vegetable most often grown hydroponically because it is quick and easy. Farmers can go from planting to arvesting a lettuce crop in as little as 30-45 days that allows them to get about 10 harvests out in one year. Tomatoes are another huge hydro crop, some of the largest North American Hydroponic farms focus on tomatoes production, from beefsteak, to vine ripe and cherry. Euro Fresh Farms in Arizona harvest approximately 250,000 tomatoes daily in mid summer. Euro Fresh Farms are also certified pesticide residue free and practice land and water conservation, solar panels are integrated into the design of the greenhouses to further reduce energy costs and the companys carbon footprint. After harvest, excess plant material is composted and waste is reduced. Euro Fresh Farms are not organic but they boast a ten plus year history of contamination free produce and claim to be better than organic because they dont use animal fertilizers which can contain food borne illness like e-coli and salmonella. The other crop they grow besides tomatoes are cucumbers. They are certified by the North American Greenhouse Hothouse Vegetable Growers, and dont use any GMOs. Locally Kennys Strawberry Farm is a great place to visit to see hydroponics working to produce fresh strawberries. The Temecula Valley farm has a u-pick hydro ground away from the reach of rodents and soil borne pathogens. They claim to be all natural and have heartier and healthier strawberries which are not picked until they reach ideal ripeness and redness. Their motto is we grow em You pick em where you can have a family outing and pick strawberries without ever getting dirty. Hydroponic farms in general tend to be smaller, because of costs and provide local markets and restaurants. Most are family businesses that practice sustainability and conservation. They produce a variety of vegetables and herbs, even feed for ivestock. Around the world hydroponics are already being used. There are huge hydro-lettuce fields in Japan, Germany, Pakistan, Australia, and places like the Philippines. Countries like Pakistan are reducing their need for imported produce and are actually beginning to export produce themselves. In the past their soil was considered useless for cultivation, but with hydroponics they are a growing success. In Conclusion, hydroponics is indeed a growing industry and I suspect that as our land gets more populated and developed we will see a rise in this industry. It can be sustainable and health conscience. You can grow more in a small area so it is welcoming to smaller property owners and perfect for urban areas. With each technological advance we get more precision out of every crop. REFERENCES All Season Greens I Easily Produce Your Own Low Cost, Highly Nutritious, Living Feed, 365 Days a Year! All Season Greens I Easily Produce Your Own Low Cost, Highly Nutritious, Living Feed, 365 Days a Year! N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 May 2013.. Beyond Sustainability. Windset Farms. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 Apr. 2013.. Certified, Greenhouse, Vegetables, Growers. Certified Greenhouse/Hothouse Vegetable Producers Association of North America. , n. d. Web. 01 May 2013.. Drought and Heat? Some Farmers Try Hydroponics. NET. N. p. , n. d. Web. 29 May 2013.. Hydroponics in Action Organic Basil, Lettuce, Tomatoes, Herbs and Other Tasty Produce Year Round. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 May 2013.. Rana, Imran. High-tech Agriculture: The Extraordinary Profits of Hydroponic Vegetable Farming. The Express Tribune High-tech Agriculture The Extraordinary Profits of Hydroponic Vegetable Farming Comments. N. p. , 23 Mar. 2012. Web. 1 May 2013.. Strawberry Farm. Kennys Strawberry Farm. N. p. , n. d. web. 2 May 2013..

Analyze the main theories in Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and Essay

Analyze the main theories in Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and then present arguments by his detractors and supporters for these theories - Essay Example Immediately and after the theory was proposed, there were many supporters and many detractors who questioned the validity of the theory and its applicability in the word. The book was controversial and it still remain controversial apparently due to the contradiction that it made to the religious belief of the people at that time and the fact that the contribution that it continued to express between the scientific and religious world. There were also many scientists who supported and many who refuted the theory as not applicable and a mere protrusion of Darwin’s mind. Since then there have been an evolution of the theory but some of the principles of the postulation of the theory are still acceptable to the world of science. But the subject of creation and evolution still attracts ranging controversy in the world. (Jenkins, 2002) The theory can be summarized into some key postulations which showed how species survived in their natural environment. The theory of survival for the fittest and eliminating by natural means showed that the current species that we have been a product of the genetic material that makes up the species and the natural environment under which they live. The theory postulated that species are likely to survive in the environment when there are favorable conditions that can allow for the evolution to take place. As such species changes as the environment changes and therefore it is the way a species adapts to the environment that determines how the species will survive in the environment. In the course of his adoption, they undergoes different structural changes which are all meant to give them adaptive feature that the will help them to survive in the environment. (Ronald, 1994) Therefore we can say that it is the nature which selects the right individuals who will survives in the environment. The theory was hence called natural selection theory

Interracial Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interracial Marriages - Essay Example The US Census Bureau states that in the year 1970, there were 65000 black-white marriages in US. In 2005, this number has increased to 422000. Interracial marriages make less than 10 per cent of the total presently. Being an African-American that was first married to a man from the same race and now, is married to a Caucasian, (Landry) has sufficient experience to make a balanced approach to evaluation of the merits and demerits of interracial marriage. Landry has spent five years with the African American husband who was her college fellow. After divorce, she married the Caucasian husband and has been living with him for four years. When she reflects back upon the two experiences, she realizes that race was never a strong issue. Landry parted ways with her ex-husband because there was communication gap between them and he was disloyal to her. Besides, they had issues related to money. Therefore, when Landry searched for a husband the second time, she placed more emphasis upon his co mmitment towards budget and his tendency to exchange views frequently and maintain loyalty to her in marriage than the race he belonged to. Landry spent twelve years as a single after her divorce. In those years, she spent tome with numerous men from different ethnic origins. Having dated men of different professions and racial backgrounds, Landry reached the conclusion that two people’s resemblance in the level of intelligence, personal interests, aspirations and values were much stronger determinants of their compatibility with each other than race could ever be. Landry has evaluated the potential advantages and disadvantages of interracial marriages in this article. Discussing the pros of interracial marriages, Landry first discusses personal growth. Successful marriage requires the partners to grow together with the passage of time. Marital partners can enhance their growth by sharing with each other and appreciating the challenges arising from their cultural and racial d ifferences. Landry has noticed that her Caucasian husband’s behavior is changed for the better after marrying her. He has started to understand how people of color may feel like strangers in settings where the others don’t look like them. He had a new experience of going to church with an African American wife as a lone white man. Nevertheless, he has started to enjoy the worship services greatly. Now he responds more to his African American friends who tend not to go with him when he invites them to go to places where African Americans are not very likely to be. Such awareness has inculcated in him the need to persuade people into doing things that they would otherwise not do because of their race. Landry and her family had many preconceived notions about the Caucasian people until she and her family had an opportunity to interact with Landry’s husband and his family frequently. Same can be said about Landry’s husband and his family. Before, Landry thoug ht that Caucasian people were insensitive, stern and unaffectionate, but she found her husband’s Irish American family unusually jolly. Landry still has to resist the long cultivated urge to meet them by shaking hands with them that she has been doing all life long. Now Landry disputes with her African American friends for their baseless claims about the Caucasian people. Interracial marriage is a potential means of eliminating the social segregation. With the increased intimacy between Landry’s Caucasian and African American families developed in joint gatherings, every member of the respective families is likely to increase his/her number of friends outside his/her own race. Living together is a better way to end the differences between races than government mandated programs or diversity training. The first con

Representing Visual Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Representing Visual Culture - Essay Example Some scenes showed the factory at Jouey, and others rural scenes of workers relaxing drinking dancing, and womanising. Timorous Beasties have not actually changed much in the Toile concept, but have updated the references from the contemporary urban. The urban landscape in many UK cities seems to be changing all the time, modern buildings have become icons that give us a strong sense of identity, and there fore the London Toile seemed a perfect expression of where we were coming from. This fabric speaks so much about the lifestyle of the romantic, peaceful and carefree London. Printed in the fabric, were green different images of the romantic and carefree lifestyles in contrast to a cream linen which made it more beautiful and attractive. There are 8 images injected to a bright cream fabric, showered with flying and feeding doves were a images of lovers overlooking the Great London Bridge across the lake under the tree infront of bench. It is such a very romantic site which made this fabric perfectly ideal for lovers, designed to fit on sofa sets, love rests or even curtains in a lovers bedroom. Next to this image is the city itself, over... This peaceful and solemn serenity of the scene depicts the mood of the sunset, being ready for a relaxing dinner and sleep on your way to your home. Having this fabric hanged in your living room makes you feel that you are glad to be home with your family, celebrating the union before the end of the

A critical analysis of nursing care for Gina Essay

A critical analysis of nursing care for Gina - Essay Example In1860,Florence Nightingale recognized the importance of theory and process in health care,and her message has gotten stronger as the years have progressed.Nurses in the UK today are trained in clinical practice and the importance of following defined methods and practices. Regardless of the specific practice model they follow, first and foremost nurses must adhere to the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2004) code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics. The code sets the standards on matters such as patient respect, consent, teamwork, confidentiality, professional competence, trustworthiness, and risk mitigation. However, the NMC does not specify how a nurse is to embody these standards.Most nurses and health facilities utilise nursing models to guide nursing practice, for example, Roper-Logan-Tierney (1996); Neuman, as cited in Ume-Nwagbo, DeWan, & Lowry (2006); and multiple theories/models as cited in Aggleton & Chalmers (2000). In addition to sp ecific author-developed models, nursing models are delineated as a function of patient care: total patient care, functional, team, and primary (Tiedman & Lookinland, 2004). The nursing field has long recognized the importance of "innovative practice models" or "structural approaches to nursing practice" (Weisman, 1991).One particular model, the Roper-Logan-Tierney (RLT) model, originally published in 1980 with revisions in 1985, 1990, and 1996, is a commonly used model in the United Kingdom particular at National Health Service hospitals. ... 1. Maintaining a safe environment 2. Communicating 3. Breathing 4. Eating & dressing 5. Eliminating 6. Personal cleansing & dressing 7. Controlling body temperature 8. Mobilizing 9. Working & playing 10. Expressing sexuality 11. Sleeping 12. Dying Upon admission to hospital, most patients in an acute care setting have physical problems that impact their ability to satisfactorily complete these tasks, thus the model can be used in multiple clinical settings (Walsh, 1998). The authors (1996) indicate they recognize the influence of non-medical factors including psychological, socio-cultural, environmental, and politico-economic on resources supporting satisfactory completion of AL, however he model is not without its criticisms, which shall be discussed as applied to and following the Case Description. A nursing model alone is necessary, but not sufficient, to provide nursing care to a patient. The nurse must act, carry out the steps of the model in an organized manner, to provide care meeting the standards of not only the NWC, the hospital, but most importantly, the patient. The National Health Service emphasizes this in its circular model of health care, which places patients and the public in the center of the circle and the providers surrounding them. This organized action involves following the nursing process. The nursing process generally includes four phases: assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. While generally performed sequentially, given the myriad of problems and matters a nurse must monitor for just one patient, let alone a dozen patients, it is not uncommon for a nurse to simultaneously be supporting tasks in each of the four

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction Mergers are done to expand the business and improve profitability by companies with mutual consent. Acquisitions occur when one company takes over another which may be friendly or hostile. Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) are actively taking place in the pharmaceutical and biotech organizations and this trend is expected to prevail for the next one to two years. The bio-pharma industry is dynamic and is currently changing focus from RD to licensing and outsourcing. So before any MA activity a strategy formulation is very essential with emphasis on creating a competitive advantage for the business. Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) are generally done with the following motives: to exploit economy of scale, to eliminate duplicated functions, to share managerial expertise, synergy, taxation, market power because of decreased competition. MA that are done with reduced competition as motive are socially unacceptable and illegal as they lead to monopolistic scenarios. The MA may not be successful in generating returns if the deal was closed with a high price due to impulsive and enthusiastic deals. MA also leads to diversification which has proved to be beneficial in stabilizing the returns. A merger or acquisition is an extremely stressful process for those involved: job losses, restructuring, and the imposition of a new corporate culture and identity can create uncertainty, anxiety and resentment among a companys employees. (Appelbaum 2000) Companies focus on the legal and financial issues involved with the MA and fail to pay attention to the long term effects like corporate identity and communication which greatly influence the employee motivation and productivity. The pharmaceutical industry The Indian Pharmaceutical Sector is currently the largest amongst the developing nations. There is a worldwide structural trend evolving in pharmaceuticals and Indian companies play a key role in this framework, driven by their superior biotech and drug synthesis skills, high quality and vertically integrated manufacturing assets, differentiated business models and significant cost advantages. Companies across the world are reaching out to their counterparts to take mutual advantage of the others core competencies in RD, Manufacturing, Marketing and the niche opportunities offered by the changing global pharmaceutical environment. (Shukla 2006) The pharmaceutical sector offers an array of growth opportunities. This sector has always been dynamic in nature and the pace of change has never been as rapid as it is now. To adapt to these changing trends, the Indian pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies have evolved distinctive business models to take advantage of their inherent strengths and the Borderless nature of this sector. (Shukla 2006) Environmental factors The changing environment in the bio-pharma industry is driving an increased activity of Mergers and acquisitions. In 2008, sales growth of prescribed drugs globally has reached the lowest rate in since 2001. Along with this slowdown, the pharmaceuticals sector is faced with an increasingly challenging environment resulting from increasing patent expirations, growing generic sales, reducing new drug pipelines and stricter regulations. The biotechnology sector also faces increased regulatory challenges as well as shortage of credit. The patents are getting expired and there is increased competition for generic drugs. Patients are becoming more aware and manage their own conditions. The healthcare models are thus changing. With such environmental pressures increasing the companies resort to MA as a tool for corporate growth. MA do not exceed their cost of capital. Still companies go for MA because of some strategies like increased market strength consolidating for cost reduction broadening geographic coverage pipeline stuffing (Coles 2002) Some recent MA The US and European generics companies are scouting for alliances/buyouts at the back end of the chain, which would allow them to offset any manufacturing cost advantage held by companies in the developing markets. The Indian companies are looking at the front-end integration as building a front-end distribution set-up from scratch could take significant time. (Shukla 2006) There are also entry barriers for companies from the developing countries and acquisitions make it easy for these organizations to find a foothold in the developed markets. For instance, there is a cultural and language barrier in Europe and Europe is high on the radar of Indian pharmaceutical companies. The sheer heterogeneity of Europe and the fragmented nature of its pharmaceutical market make acquisitions an easy route for entry into this region and the US being the largest pharmaceutical market in the world will always interest the Indian pharma companies for its sheer size. (Shukla 2006) The acquisitions of RPG Aventis (by Ranbaxy) and Alpharma (by Cadila) in France are clear examples of acquisitions proving to be a drain on the companys profitability and return ratios for several years post acquisition. In several other cases acquisitions by Indian generic companies are small and have been primarily to expand geographical reach while at the same time, shifting production from the acquired units to their cost-effective Indian plants. A few have been to develop a bouquet of products. Other than Wockhardts acquisition of CP Pharma and Esparma, it has taken at least three years for the other global acquisitions to see break-even. Most of the acquiring companies have to pay greater attention to post merger integration as this is a key for success of an acquisition and Indian companies have to wake up to this fact. Also, with the increasing spate of acquisitions, target valuations have substantially increased making it harder for Indian companies to fund. In January 2009, Pfizer entered into a merger agreement with Wyeth valued at US$68 billion. The deal is to be financed through a combination of cash, stock and debt. A consortium of banks will provide US$22.5 billion for the MA. In March 2009, Roche acquired the remaining 44 percent of Genentech shares for an all-cash US$46.8 billion deal. Prior to the deal, Roche raised US$39 billion through bond sales. In March 2009, Merck Co. acquired Schering-Plough in a cash-stock deal worth US$41.1 billion. The cash component includes US$9.8 billion from Mercks cash reserves and US$8.5 billion committed by JP Morgan Chase. (MA: Outlook for pharmaceuticals 2009) If a company was acquired for its RD pipeline and development projects or platform technology, in majority of cases, the acquiring company failed to derive full benefits and most of the projects were later discontinued or terminated. Diversified companies like Roche, JJ, Abbott and Novartis with devices, generics and diagnostic performed better as compared to pure pharmaceutical RD driven company like Pfizer and Merck. Strategies for successful MA The industrys experience shows that megamergers often do not produce the intended synergies, but rather tend to erode shareholder value and create major integration challenges, while not achieving improved new drug pipelines. (Alternatives to mega mergers 2009) Tetenbaum (1999) suggests an alternative set of seven key practices to assist with a successful merger or acquisition: Close involvement of Human Resources managers in the acquisition process; they should have a say in whether or not the deal goes ahead. Building organisational capacity by ensuring that close attention is paid to the retention and recruitment of employees during the acquisition. Ensuring that the integration is focused on achieving the desired effect (for example, cost savings), while at the same time ensuring that the core strengths and competences of the two companies are not damaged by the transition. Carefully managing the integration of the organisations cultures. Completing the acquisition process quickly, since productivity is harmed by the disorganisation and demoralisation that inevitably occur while the change is underway. Communicating effectively with everyone who will be affected by the change. Other authors agree that being truthful, open and forthright during an acquisition is vital in helping employees to cope with the transition. (Appelbaum 2000) Developing a clear, standardised integration plan. Tetenbaum cites the example of Cisco Systems, which, like GE Capital, makes large numbers of acquisitions and has been able to learn from its experiences and build up tried-and-tested processes for carrying them out successfully. (Tetenbaum 1999) Conclusion The companies may be heading towards more megamergers of the scale seen in the recent past or they may move towards smaller strategic acquisitions. Deals in the biotechnology sector could increase further as small and mid-size biotechnology companies become increasingly willing to enter into deals at value prices. Large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are scouting around for deals at much lower valuations, and the current trend of MA in generics is one to watch for in the future. Although there are many different opinions on precisely what causes so many mergers and acquisitions to fail, and on how these problems can be avoided, there are certain points that most analysts appear to agree on. It is widely accepted, for instance, that the human factor is a major cause of difficulty in making the integration between two companies work successfully. If the transition is carried out without sensitivity towards the employees who may suffer as a result of it, and without awareness of the vast differences that may exist between corporate cultures, the result is a stressed, unhappy and uncooperative workforce and consequently a drop in productivity.

Tay-Sachs :: science

Tay-Sachs The genetic disorder I have looked at in this scientific statement is Tay-Sachs disease or TSD, a serious, inherited fatal brain disorder. The disease is named after Warren Tay, a British ophthalmologist who first described the disease in 1881 and a New York neurologist, Bernard Sachs; who first described the cellular changes and the genetic nature of the disease in 1887. This rare hereditary disease is caused by a genetic mutation that leaves the body unable to produce an enzyme; a protein that speeds up the rate at which chemical reactions take place within the body. The enzyme is necessary for nerve cells to metabolise fat, (allow for chemical reactions to take place within the cell) . The enzyme involved in TSD is known as hexosaminidase A. its absence allows a lipid called GM2 ganglioside to build up in the brain, destroying the nerve cells. The location of the gene HEXA that causes the genetic disorder is 15q23-q24. Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive disorder. My research indicates that a person must have two carriers as parents for the disease to occur. Carriers, people with only one gene for the disorder are physically unaffected due to it being recessive. When both parents are carriers, each child has a 25% or  ¼ chance of obtaining the disease. If only one parent is a carrier, there is no chance that the child will get the disease, but there is a 50% chance that the child will be a carrier. My extensive research has concluded that the symptoms of the disease are: ï  ¶ Blindness ï  ¶ Dementia ï  ¶ Deafness ï  ¶ Seizures ï  ¶ Paralysis All these symptoms appear during the first six months of life following the case studies data. The disease progresses rapidly, usually killing affected children by age three. As the damage to the nervous system progresses, an inability to swallow, difficulty in breathing and mental retardation develop. In late-onset TSD, which occurs in people who have a genetic mutation (A permanent change in the DNA sequence due to an insertion, deletion or an alteration) that is similar to that of TSD that occurs in young children. Some production of the missing enzyme occurs and life expectancy does not seem to be affected according to my research. Medical treatment is focused mainly on managing the symptoms of late onset TSD, Anticonvulsants can be prescribed to patients with seizures and antidepressants can be used as to help with psychiatric symptoms.

About Revenge Essay Essay

If there is one thing that has been prevalent since human interaction began, it is the concept of revenge. Everyone has a moment in their life where someone does them wrong, and they want nothing more than to get back at the person who is responsible. While this reaction is completely normal, the results of actually acting on these feelings usually end badly for everyone involved. One of the main reasons that revenge does not typically end well is because once all is said and done, the past can not be changed. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, like many other stories, is focused on the theme of revenge, which is a feeling everyone is familiar with and is something that almost always ends badly. One of the more prominent stories about revenge comes from Edgar Allan Poe, a very well known author recognized mainly for his dark story writing. His story, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, is an interesting tale about a man who feels insulted and seeks revenge. Essentially, the ma in character, Montressor, feels that he has been insulted by his apparent hated enemy, Fortunato, and as a result he leaves Fortunato tied up in the Montressor family’s catacombs to die. In this story, many things are left unclear. For one thing, it is never told what exactly Fortunato did to exact this revenge. This means that his â€Å"insult† could be anything, and the punishment for his ‘crime’ in this story goes to show the length that people are willing to go to get revenge on someone who has wronged them. One thing to note in this story is that the narrator is never caught for his crime. Although â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is a good story about revenge, it is not Edgar Allan Poe’s only story that relates to the subject. Another one of his stories that focuses on revenge is â€Å"Hop-Frog.† â€Å"Hop-Frog† tells the tale of a dwarf and his female companion, Trippetta, who are taken as prisoners from their homes and brought to be entertainment for a king that is very appreciative of humor. The story ends with Hop-Frog and his companion getting revenge upon the king for striking Trippetta and  his mindless council by burning them alive in front of a crowd of people at a masquerade party. The main difference between this story and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is that there is a lot more information to go off of. For one thing, it is made very clear why Hop-Frog wants to get revenge upon the king. One similarity between â€Å"Hop-Frog† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† is that in neither story do the people achieving revenge have anything bad happen to them as a result. In both stories, it is apparent that the characters get away with their deeds. â€Å"Hop-Frog† brings a sense of joy in that Hop-Frog and Trippetta get away, but it leaves the viewer wondering if what they did was right. Even so, wanting revenge is a natural feeling after being wronged, and there are deeper, psychological effects revolving around these feelings as well. An article by Stillwell, Baumeister, and Del Priore says that, â€Å"The discrepancies between how different people see the same event may contribute to such seemingly inequitable outcomes.† (253). What this means is that many times, people see different things when looking at the same situation, and as a result, one person can be left less satisfied with the results than the other person. For example, one person may view a prank as a minor thing and laugh it off, while the person who was pranked may view it as something that really rubbed them the wrong way and is something that they want to get back at the other person for. â€Å"When people are hurt or angered by another person they may try to restore equity to the relationship.† (Stillwell, Baumeister, and Del Priore 253). This means that when someone feels wronged, they feel like they have to make the relationship even again. Needless to say, some people will act on their feelings, and naturally some cases of revenge can go wrong. There are a bunch of cases in the news about how someone tries to take revenge upon someone else. For the most part they end badly, which would make sense considering they ended up in the news. One case of revenge gone wrong occurred in New Port Richey, Florida when a seventeen year old turned a corner too fast and crashed into a few parked cars and a house in what was meant to be a simple attempt to throw eggs at her ex-boyfriend’s car. The end result was thousands of dollars worth of property damage and a citation for careless driving (Tampabay.com). As with this story and many others, revenge likely occurred because of a bad relationship break up. There are countless cases where someone seeks revenge on an ex-partner and ends up  doing something fundamentally worse than the actual breakup. In a similar case, I interviewed a friend of mine who wishes to remain anonymous about a time that he seeked revenge. As with many cases of revenge, his was the result of a relationship gone bad. It was directed towards an ex-girlfriend who had recently began dating one of his close friends. After the break up, he was crushed. He took it very personally when his ex-girlfriend began dating one of his close friends. As a result, he ended up making threats against the new boyfriend and harassing his ex-girlfriend by hacking all of her social media accounts and deleting them. The end result of his actions lead to a sit down between the group, which resulted with the possibility of harassment charges. In his case, he got lucky, but it could have ended much worse had they chosen to press charges. Since then he has made the decision that it would be best for him and for them if he just cut them out of his life for the time being, so that is what he is doing. Relationship break ups are rarely mutual, and if they are it usually does not stay that way for long, with one person ending up regretting the decision more than they thought they would. This case goes to show that acting on feelings of revenge is not good for anyone. Of course having a successful act of revenge towards someone may feel very satisfying at first, but in the long run people tend to reminisce about the initial event and it leaves them feeling just as bad as they did when it happened. Something that many people should learn is that there is no way to change the past. There will always be a v oid in the mind when thinking about what happened. â€Å"Revenge is a doomed attempt to eliminate shame and increase stature by asserting dominance.† (EmotionalCompetency.com). This means that when we feel like taking revenge, it is just a hole we are trying to fill with confidence to make ourselves feel better. As humans, we do not want to lose face with the people we know, so we feel obliged to take action against the wrongdoer to balance the scale. Conversely, while many people would jump on the opportunity to get back at someone, some people are strong enough to not act on the urges of revenge. It takes a strong person to let something go, and it takes an even stronger person to completely forgive. â€Å"Forgiveness is the cancellation of deserved hostility and the substitution of friendlier attitudes.† (Hughes 113). To forgive someone should be viewed as a type of release. When a person forgives another, they are releasing all of their anger and hostility and opening the door to a renewed friendship, or at least an agreement to not interact again. Of course, forgiving someone will not always stop them from doing something else in the future, but it is still a good method to practice for yourself. â€Å"Forgiveness has a discretionary nature, and the discretion belongs to the injured.† (Hughes 113). Many times, the best way to get back at someone is to show them that they did not have as massive an effect over you as they were hoping. While forgiving someone will not give immediate satisfaction, it is usually better for a person to let something go than to dwell on it for a long period of time. In contrast, it may be wondered whether or not retribution is always such a bad thing in certain cases. In the case of ‘Vicky’, it seems like retribution may be something that she deserves. Ten years ago, ‘Vicky’, who was ten years old at the time, fell victim to her father, who recorded many videos of her performing sex acts with him and even made her act out scripts. Her real name as well as her father’s name was redacted from the court documents, however the case ended with her father being sentenced to fifty years in prison. Prosecutors from ‘Vicky’s’ case have said that â€Å"While she continues to try to live a normal life, ‘Vicky’ carries emotional burdens which continually get in her way.† (OpposingViewpoints.com). Needless to say, this case is an extreme one, which begs the question as to whether or not retribution is something that Vicky is right in seeking. It would seem outlandish for anyone to blame her for making the people who download the videos of her pay for her therapy. In this case, it may be best to let the victim act out what they feel, because very few people can truly understand what it is that ‘Vicky’ has been through and continues to go through everyday. Not surprisingly, the entertainment industry has quite an interest in the topic of revenge. Some of the most popular shows that air on television relate to the theme of revenge in one way or another. In ‘Breaking Bad’, there are episodes toward the end where one character wants revenge very badly on another character, and it ends up putting him in a monumentally worse position than he was at before. There are countless other shows with similar themes. Many popular movies do this as well. The film series ‘Kill Bill’ by Quentin Tarantino pretty much revolves around that subject entirely. It can be wondered what it is that makes movies and television shows about revenge so popular with people, and the most likely answer lies in our society as a whole. A thirst  for vengeance is a feeling everyone is familiar with and it is satisfying for us to watch others achieve it. Overall, revenge is a very common theme throughout the world we live in. It is something that is unlikely to change because it is just how we are wired. As humans, we can not help but get feelings of anger and retribution when we are wronged, but it should at least be known that most of the time, the actual act will only make a person feel worse than they did before in the long run. Society as a whole should be more accepting of the method of forgiveness as opposed to revenge as this is the only way to truly move on. â€Å"In taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior.† (Sir Francis Bacon. EmotionalCompetency.com) Work Cited: Poe, Edgar A. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† (1846) Web 03 Dec. 2013. This is one of Edgar Allan Poe’s Classic tales about revenge. I used this story as a starting off point for the theme of my essay, which revolves around revenge. This information is in my first body paragraph which dissects the story. Poe, Edgar A. â€Å"Hop-Frog† (1850). Web 05 Dec. 2013 http://www.eapoe.org/works/tales/hopfrgb.htm. This is another Edgar Allan Poe story which also focuses on revenge. I used this story to show that in many stories revenge is a very common theme. This information is in my second body paragraph which dissects the story. Stillwell, Arlene. Baumeister Roy, and Del Priore, Regan. â€Å"Basic and Applied Social Psychology† We’re all Victims Here: Toward a Psychology of Revenge. (2008) 253-263. Web 06 Dec. 2013. Academic Library- Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. This article explains the psychology revolving around revenge and does studies involving the subject. I used this article to help explain the psychology behind feelings of revenge. This information is in my third body paragraph. Hughes, Martin. â€Å"Analysis† Forgiveness. (1975) 113-117 Web 06 Dec. 2013. Academic Library- JSTOR. In this entry, Hughes explains the concept of forgiveness and what it truly means. This information is used in the part of my essay that explains forgiveness. Chavez, Adriana M. â€Å"Online Child Pornography Can Harm Victims for Life.† (2013) Web 06 Dec. 2013. Academic Library- Opposing Viewpoints. This article goes over the case of a girl who was sexually abused as a child and explains what she has gone through since the incident. This information is used in the paragraph that wonders if revenge is always such a bad thing in certain situations. Sanders, Katie. â€Å"Revenge gone wrong: Teen driver crashes into New Port Richey home.† Tampa Bay Times. 05 Mar. 2010. Web 06 Dec. 2013. This article reports a case of revenge gone wrong in the form of a girl attempting to throw eggs at an ex-boyfriend’s car and causing a lot of property damage in the process. This information is used in the essay’s paragraph that explains how revenge can go wrong. â€Å"Revenge – Getting Even† – No author listed. EmotionalCompetency.com – ND. Web 06 Dec. 2013. This web page helps further explain some of the concepts of revenge and forgiveness. This information is used in my essay’s paragraphs involving forgiveness. I also use a quote about revenge from this page. Anonymous. Personal Interview. 05 Dec. 2013. This is an interview i did of a friend who wanted to remain anonymous about a time he seeked revenge against an ex-girlfriend. I use this information in the area that involves revenge going wrong.

Agility Resilience in organisation

The purpose of this business report is to examine AH Moor's approach to organizational agility and resilience; cooking specifically at the promotion of leadership and enterprise workforce. It explores the benefits to the organization of the implementation of a systematic plan for selecting, motivating and developing employees with the requisite skills and demonstrated behaviors to operate effectively in highly uncertain, highly unstructured environments and demonstrating how enabling this improves organizational outlook.As organizational resilience and agility is seen as a systematic property, both individual and organizational levels are explored. In today's global economic climate businesses need to sustain a competitive advantage to remain above the competition. It Is the geopolitical uncertainty, with unprecedented changes and Instability and business discontinuities that demand organizational agility and organizational resilience. Unforeseen circumstances Like the terrorist acts of September 1 lath had adverse effects on businesses that dealt with commodities such as gold, and the company was no exception. The sudden hike in gold price resulted in the company losing millions, and the lack of agility and resilience the organization possessed meant it paid greatly with the years that followed. Presently, in the many is undergoing major transformational changes to its corporate strategy and development, and a change that the new HER team is pushing towards is changing the way recruitment is being carried out.Arguably, human talent is capital; talented persons carry within them, in their knowledge and expertise, important parts that are means of production. Intellectual capital and talented labor force is now central to many business enterprises (Riveter & Kline, 2000). It Is argued adequate Job fit needs to play Into consideration to allocate correct personnel to handle a demanding Job ole within the gold/jewelry sector given the businesses geographical locat ion and fierce competition which is ever-growing due to rising gold stocks.In addition with the recent rapid development of the united Arab Emirates has seen greater rise in competition. At the individual level, resilience can be explained through occupational stress or burnout that account for the continuation of or even increases in worker performance and psychological well-being in the face of difficult work conditions (Carver, 1998; Mismatch & Letter, 1997). At the organizational level, characteristics of organizations (e. G. Man resource practices, organizational culture and values) have been related to agile reactions and continued survival under volatile, demanding work conditions (Horned & Orr, 1998; Mammal, 1998). An organization's capacity for resilience Is rooted In a set of Individual level knowledge, skills, and ablest and organizational routines and processes by which an organization conceptually positions itself, acts decisively to move forward, and overcome the poten tially debilitating consequences of a disruptive shock (Lenience- Hall & Beck, 2009).A organizations capacity for developing organizational resilience s achieved through strategically managing human resources to create individual competencies among core employees, that when combined at the organizational level, make it possible for organizations to effectively absorb uncertainty, develop situation-specific responses to threats, and ultimately engage in transformation activities so that they can capitalize on disruptive surprises that potentially threaten the survival of the organization.The lack of focus given to personnel selection has also highlighted an inability for staff to cope with the stressful pressures that come with working within gold and a highly charged industry. The company is situated in the popular Gold Soak region, where hundreds of retail shops and close to a hundred wholesale distributes are situated simply in that area alone. As a result competition is highly ch arged and the company has seen rates of turnover and absenteeism risen and levels of mental and physical well-being have deteriorated.It is the increased competition associated with the acceleration of market changes that have put pressure on organizations to react quickly whilst re-inventing themselves in response to external pressures. Study of individual differences reveals certain personality emissions such as locus of control, hardiness, and self-esteem relate to people's reaction to stresses. Rooter (1996) proposed that having an internal locus of control (believing you can control what happens in life) moderates the relationship between stresses and strain such that a strong internal locus is associated with less strain.This idea is in line with Karakas idea of perception of control. Giordano (2000) found Iranian business managers with higher levels of hardiness, the better their health and performance despite stressful situations. If there is a miss-match between individuals and the organizational culture; source of stress if a person believes organizational functions as unclear and unpredictable could lead to role ambiguity; Coco (1948) found non participation in decision process and uncertainty led was a predictor of strain, Job related stress.Literature findings are clear in regard to the implementation of stress on employee wellbeing through a behavioral, psychological and physiological perspective. Where the effects of strain can lead to the deterioration of memory, reaction time, accuracy and task performance. Modality (1986) found stress associated with less sensitivity, warmth and tolerance awards patients amongst nurses, Gaston school found association between unsupported work environments and quality of work performance in NASH staff.There is also evidence that on simple tasks moderate levels of arousal or stress seem to aid performance (Dawson et al. , 2009). Schaeffer (2004) found burnout was predicted mainly by Job demands and to lesser ex tent, Job resources; that is related to turnover intention and health problems; and that it mediates the relationship between Job demands and health problems. Three broad methods can be utilizes here to help reduce and manage stress that are grouped in three categories- remarry, secondary and tertiary interventions.The primary level of this hierarchy includes modifying and eliminating stresses. In relation to company this would include giving people more control over their Jobs and work environments; redesigning tasks they are required to do; giving flexible work schedules. Skimpier et employees to adopt to different ways of working. Bond & Bunch (2000) designed cluster of interventions that led employees having more input into decision-making and control over workloads, and put systems in place for getting advice form mangers quicker on vague tasks.Employees from intervention group reported less ill health, and higher Job performance. Perceived control in interventions group underp inned these positive outcomes. Also found individual differences appears to interact with the changes in control where Higher psychological flexibility benefited more, showing individual differences can lead to different outcomes for different employees. At a Secondary level focus on individuals response to stress, and focus more on employees than changing aspects of the organization.Increasing levels of social support for staff experiencing high level of stresses in organizations found ewer medical errors and malpractice claims in hospitals, and an increased agility and resilience in stressful environments (Murphy, 1996). This findings were also supported by Frees (1999) who looked at blue collar workers and also found social support exhibited less anxiety, and strain. Tertiary symptom directed, focus on helping individuals cope with consequences of stresses, again focus is on individuals rather than focus on organizations.One approach to provide medical care in house or outsourced for employees, another approach is PAP. Cooper and Saudi (1994) found improvements in mental health and esteem of those participating n Peeps within organizations, suggesting they can be helpful with stress, however approach this is a reactive approach not proactive because it doesn't prevent it, deal with problems after they arise rather than focus on creating positive work environments which minimize stresses.There has been rapid increase in compensation claims for work-related stress in recent years (Dyer, 2002). Furthermore it's been reported that growing proportion of employee absences may be accounted for by anxiety, and depression (McLeod 2003) and such circumstances have been found to have an effect on productivity, absenteeism, and occupational injuries. There is growing literature which argues that workplace counseling helps alleviate these issues, as well as improve employee problems.Here, it is argued the implementation of external sources through contractual agreements would be deemed beneficial as there is a lack of organizational resources and trained staff within HER to provide services, and furthermore consolidating in external counseling may be viewed as safer alternative where employees may fear of the level of confidentiality within their sessions. It should be noted not only is counseling being suggested to combat issues of individual and organizational stresses but also deal tit the impending issues of lack of diversity within the organization at present and the ongoing issues in relation to this.There are numerous studies that point out the benefits of counseling. In particular a substantial systematic review by McLeod (2001) found counseling to reduce work related stress in more than 50% of people, levels of sickness and absence reduced by 25-40%. There were clinically significant improvement in levels of anxiety, depression and stress reported in 60-75 of clients. AH Nor fails to implement development of employees through training to enable raciest, or learned routines that will provide a first response to any unexpected threats.Important organizational procedures and conduct are tied closely to of company beliefs and those beliefs then become core values which are the basis of day-to-day behaviors that translate intended strategies into actions (Hammond, 2002). Behavioral preparedness helps bridge a gap between divergent forces of learned resourcefulness and counterintuitive agility and merging forces of useful habits.A combination of useful habits and behavioral preparedness create a foundation of rehearsed and habitual expert routines that ensure an organizations initial and intuitive response to any situation will create options that than constraints (Ferrier, Smith, & Grimm, 1999). The principle behind the selection process is that individual differences between people in attitudes and skill and other personal qualities, and people are not equally suited for all Jobs therefore it is important to match the r ight person to the right Job.The main elements involved in designing and implementing personnel selection procedure can be outlined in the personal selection paradigm (Patterson and Ferguson, 2007). AH Nor possess no competency framework or reliable recruitment methods. It is suggested that the initial first steps required is a Job analysis to take place within the company recognizing the tasks that are assumed and the competencies required, including tasks that will remain stable over time.The goal of Job and competency analysis is to provide an evidence based specification to attributes that act as criteria for decision making during the selection and guide the choice of assessment techniques. Assessments are selected based on correspondence between the attributes they assess and those identified in the Job and competency analysis. It can be difficult to describe certain the behaviors associated with writing a complex financial report there for competency analysis has become very popular.It has been agreed that competency analysis goes beyond rigid boundaries of the Job title by taking into account the organization objectives vision s and strategy of staffing requirements (Livens and Sanchez 2007). Although the effects of faking are not understood but this can be reduced with providing feedback as research has suggested if individual knows the test will discussed later makes them think twice, also assessor is able to determine if individual was honest based on feedback session if they are unable to meet the data.Schmidt et al 1979, showed gains of over $1 m dollars per annum could be expected if ability tests were used to select park rangers, similar gains were also reported for computer programmer selection (Hugs & Manager 1959). Psychometric testing has grown popular in recent years, and it can be used in two ways in selection. It can provide a more detailed assessment of Job candidates and better manage applicants. They consist of tests of maximum perform ance which are tests of ability aptitude, linked to general intelligence, or specific facets like verbal, numerical and abstract etc.Tests of performance which are personality assessments. They are designed to assess aspect of individuals ability, choice of test is dependent on information gleamed from the job and competency analysis. These types of tests are used alongside early stage assessments it helps selector determine minimum acceptable level of ability for Job role, those below cut score are rejected. In Hunter and Schmidt (1998) meta-analysis general ability tests are right up with work sample and structured interviews with validity of 0. 1 . In combination with an integrity test (which would extend to personality assessment drawing on integrity-relevant traits), the validity rises to 0. 3. The particular HER system configuration that will leads to a capacity for organizational resilience. Moreover, it is important to recognize that while human capital, Just like many other assets, can be applied toward multiple ends; opportunity does not mean that the leverage potential will be realized.For example, creative problem solving routines, a clear sense of purpose, high levels of intellectual and social capital, and a propensity for iterative, double-loop learning which are elements contributing to a capacity for resilience can also contribute to developing organizational change trainees and promoting dynamic capabilities (Oriole and Savings, 2003). The perspective and mental agility that stem from needed cognitive abilities provide a foundation for an organization to be able to learn from the consequences of the actions it undertakes within its complex actions and thereby be more effective in dynamic competitive environments.Useful habits such as continuous dialogue and the trust that results from deep social capital provide the raw material for constructing meaning and making difficult choices in ambiguous situations. However, it takes deliberate intent to ensure that particular outcomes are realized. It is argued that it is the comprehensive bundle of desired employee contributions, HER principles and HER policies that enables a firm to develop a capacity for resilience (Lenience-Hall and Beck, 2011).Therefore it is argued that HER policies, practices, and activities are vital for an organizations capacity for resilience, and that organization's capacity for resilience is a multilevel collective attribute emerging from the capabilities, actions, and interactions of individuals and units within the company. Employee contributions, HER practices, and HER policies are the primary integrating mechanisms or achieving a collective resilience capability. Organizational resilience is an increasingly necessary collective competence for the company that operate in highly charged environments and those characterized by Jolts and surprises.Investments in human capital to develop employees who are adept learners, strong communicators, and skil led at creating strong interpersonal ties creates a foundation for both a capacity for resilience and effective knowledge management. Similarly, developing organizational skills such as â€Å"radicalized ingenuity' (Cutout, 2002)), using action to happen cognition (Wick, 1995), and counterintuitive thinking (Meyer, 1982) contribute to both a capacity for resilience and innovation. References Bond, F. W. & Bunch, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem- focused worksheet stress management interventions.